“Sequestration” or “the Sequester” is a process taking place in the United States of automatic, largely across-the-board spending reductions under which budgetary resources are permanently canceled to enforce certain budget policy goals. It was first authorized by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA, Title II of P.L. 99-177, commonly known as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act).
Sequestration is of current interest because it was included as an enforcement tool in the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25). Sequestration can also occur under the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 (Statutory PAYGO, Title I of P.L. 111-139). In either case, certain programs are exempt from sequestration, and special rules govern the effects of sequestration on others. Most of these provisions are found in Sections 255 and 256 of BBEDCA, as amended.
Nowadays, this “Sequestration" refers to mandatory cuts to social programs and defense that were scheduled to begin on January 2, 2013 as a result of the failure of the Congressional "Supercommittee" to agree on a plan for $3.8 trillion in deficit reduction, but were delayed until March 1st, 2013, to give Congress additional time to negotiate an agreement.
The 2011 Budget Control Act (S 365), which established the Supercommittee included the sequester provisions to provide a mandatory incentive for the Supercommittee to come to agreement, and to provide certainty that even without action by the Supercommittee, the deficit would be reduced to slow down the inordinate increase in the public debt without any close precedent in US history since 2009. The mandatory cuts are thus divided evenly among defense and non-defense spending, at roughly $500 billion each over ten years in both categories, with exceptions including Social Security; Veteran's Administration programs; refundable tax credits; low income programs including TANF, Pell grants and SSI; with special rules for Medicare, student loans, and unemployment payments. No money will be drawn from spending on wars and military personnel. Funding allocated for Medicaid and some other low-income programs will not be affected, either.
- Hits: 9265