Part I
| In this exclusive interview with Diálogo, Luis Fleischman, an expert in international relations, sociology professor at Palm Beach State College, and founding co-chair of the Palm Beach Center for Democracy, reveals the complex and murky criminal architecture that sustains the Nicolás Maduro regime. With a highly detailed perspective, Fleischman describes how Venezuela went from being an oil power to becoming the hub of a regional drug trafficking network. |
Based on his critical analysis of the evolution of criminal power in Venezuela, Fleischman exposes the deep symbiosis between the state, the military, and powerful criminal networks, as well as the decisive role of the Orinoco Mining Arc, the Cartel of the Suns, and alliances with armed groups such as the National Liberation Army (ELN) and dissident factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). His assessment paints a picture of a fully consolidated narco-state, whose criminal operations not only sustain the regime but also pose a direct threat to the stability and security of the entire region.
Diálogo: You have stated that the Nicolás Maduro regime now depends more on criminal economies, especially drug trafficking, than on oil. What is the strongest evidence that illicit income has become the main source of financing for the political and military elites in Venezuela? And, under this logic, what criteria and indicators allow Venezuela to be defined as a narco-state?
Luís Fleischman, expert in international relations and founding co-chair of the Center for Democracy in Palm Beach: The evidence comes from numerous reports documenting how the Nicolás Maduro regime is sustained by drug trafficking and its cooperation with criminal organizations. Analysts, international organizations, and testimonies, such as that of former [Venezuelan] intelligence chief Hugo “El Pollo” Carvajal, have consistently described these practices.
To understand this phenomenon, one must look at the collapse of the Venezuelan economic model. The severe deterioration of PDVSA, coupled with international sanctions on the energy industry, left the regime with virtually no legal income.
- Hits: 14
Net zero climate change means balancing human-caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with removals from the atmosphere, primarily by cutting emissions drastically (to near zero) and then absorbing the rest (like CO2) through forests or technology.
All that has changed in mainstream thought is a greater attention to how the human race might learn to be less wasteful, destructive, and irresponsible in its exploitation of nature, while maintaining the West’s historically unprecedented levels of production, consumption, comfort, and profit and at the same time “leveling up,” in current British jargon, the non-Western nations by encouraging them to substitute “clean” energy for the dirty kinds.
L
Hoy es 10 de diciembre, Día de los Derechos Humanos.
Los cambios que se están produciendo en las Américas por acciones políticas y militares de los Estados Unidos acaban de ser claramente explicados en la “Estrategia de Seguridad Nacional de los Estados Unidos de América” que define la política exterior, las relaciones internacionales y cambia la geopolítica con el “