In a country without official poverty statistics, sociologists estimate that up to 45% of the population lives in precarious conditions. Homelessness is now a visible part of the urban landscape.
July 28.– On the streets of Havana, the sight of people rummaging through garbage for food has become commonplace. William Abel Photo), 62, is one of them. Since his home collapsed two years ago, he's been sleeping outdoors and surviving by scavenging in dumpsters. "I've been rummaging through garbage dumpsters for two years to eat," he said.
Abel is not an isolated case. The increasingly common presence of homeless people reflects the profound deterioration of the Cuban economy, considered by analysts to be the worst crisis in more than three decades. Food shortages, rampant inflation, and the collapse of social services have forced thousands of Cubans into poverty.
by Yuniesky San Martín Garcés Vice President and Legal Consultant – Naturpaz Inc. (USA)
Since the late 19th century, some environmental protection regulations have been present in Cuban legal history. However, the legislation in force at that time was characterized by utilitarian interests, lacking the perception or existence of a holistic approach or proactive practice regarding environmental legal rights.
The Earth and its ecosystems are part of a whole integrated into the most precious legal right: the human being. Natural balance must be legally harmonized with human life because ecology is the sustenance of life. The two rights are intrinsically related; therefore, both must be prioritized in the legal hierarchy due to their extreme sociological importance. The methodological deficit of ignoring the hierarchical importance of the environment or ecology in substantive and procedural law persisted until the first half of the 20th century.
The rise to power of Fidel Castro Ruz's regime in 1959 drastically changed the environmental situation in Cuba. The drive to develop a set of ecological laws and regulations was at odds with the totalitarian political voluntarism of the tyrant Castro. The “maximum leader” exercised absolute power without any judicial or legislative limitations or oversight of his executive decisions. This absolute control allowed him to authorize a series of catastrophic administrative orders, causing considerable damage to multiple Cuban ecosystems—a reality chronicled in fourteen actions in the remarkable work “The Philosophy of Environmentalism” by Juan Alberto De La Nuez Ramírez, President of the Naturpaz Community Councils in central Cuba.
At the beginning of the “institutionalization” period, environmental preservation experienced an attempt to “adjectivize” ecological crimes in the text of the 1976 Constitution, which spuriously replaced the 1940 Constitution. Article 27 of the 1976 Constitution protected environmental law in line with environmentalist thinking, which, even at that time, considered the protection of nature for the well-being of citizens as its fundamental priority.
Los sucesos de esta semana alrededor de la intervención de la Ministra de Trabajo y Seguridad Social de Cuba, en dos comisiones de trabajo de la Asamblea Nacional, han puesto en mayor evidencia, precisamente, la vulnerabilidad de los cubanos, lo que ella como funcionaria pública debía defender. Pero no me refiero a los vulnerables que la Feitó asegura que no existen porque son “evasores de impuestos” o “cubanos disfrazados de mendigos porque en Cuba no hay mendigos”, sino a todos los cubanos que, con estas actitudes notamos vulnerada nuestra dignidad humana.
Si bien es cierto que la dureza de sus palabras, la frialdad al expresarse, la negación de una realidad nacional, afectaban el oído y más que el oído estrujaban el alma al escucharlas, su intervención concluyó con el aplauso uniforme que caracteriza al llamado parlamento cubano. Poco tiempo después, como si los allí presentes no hubieran consentido en público aquello de lo que discrepaban en privado (nada raro en esta deformación de la conciencia, en esta doble moral en la que algunos cubanos han elegido vivir) nos llegan las noticias de algo que todos notamos, pero que solo es verdadero si viene notificado “desde arriba”: “A partir de la falta de objetividad y sensibilidad con que abordó temas que centran hoy la gestión política y gubernamental”, la ministra reconoció sus errores y presentó su renuncia al cargo.
Algunos piensan que la decisión tomada viene a responder a las múltiples críticas desde la ciudadanía y la sociedad civil dentro y fuera de la Isla. Otros opinan que la insensibilidad va más allá del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.